The paper investigates the spatial and seasonal variability of the effective density of ground points obtained from LiAir V70 airborne laser scanning data for different land cover types. Field data were generated based on three survey cycles performed in March, April, and June, which allowed assessing the change in density under different phenological conditions. A comparative analysis of the actual density of ground points for the main land cover types (roads, forests, gardens, hayfields, shrubs) during three survey campaigns. The spatial heterogeneity of the density and its seasonal changes between the spring and summer periods were assessed. It was found that the effective density of ground points significantly depends on the type of land cover and the phenological state of vegetation. The highest and most stable values are characteristic of anthropogenic surfaces (roads), while for natural surfaces, in particular forests, a significant decrease in density is observed in the summer period. The results obtained confirm the significant influence of vegetation and seasonal dynamics on the effective density of ground points, which must be taken into account when interpreting airborne laser scanning data and assessing the quality of digital terrain models.
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