Construction surveying for setting out complex structures in mountainous terrain

This paper examines construction surveying for a structure with a complex curvilinear configuration in mountainous terrain. The sequence of establishing the geodetic control network, aligning topographic and design data, developing a local coordinate system, and executing total station layout operations is analyzed. The research object is the new construction of a multifunctional recreational complex with a commercial infrastructure network in Polianytsia village, Vyshni area, Nadvirna district, Ivano-Frankivsk region (Phase I of a 9-story building on a 1 ha site). Attention is paid to selecting the total station setup method, monitoring baseline reference point stability, and staking out curvilinear elements on-site. Analysis of the resulting control network RMSE values demonstrates that errors do not exceed 1.98 mm vertically and 1.79 mm horizontally, satisfying precision requirements for this surveying work category.

To determine total station positions under challenging mountainous conditions, combining different techniques is advisable to improve data quality. At this project site, a resection approach (incorporating distance and angular-distance methods) based on several stable control stations was deployed, allowing for systematic quality control. Furthermore, a methodology is presented wherein control points are distributed across multiple levels relative to the instrument position for continuous use as structural erection progresses. Systematic network readjustment of these multi-level benchmarks represents the only reliable method to guarantee optimal resection geometry and eliminate measurement error accumulation. Integrating geodetic measurement techniques for a non-standard facility in rugged mountainous terrain enables the optimization of surveying control workflows across the entire construction site.