Comparative Analysis of Geodetic Surveys for Building Facad: Laser Scanning, Total station surveying and Smartphone Lidar

Geodetic surveying plays a pivotal role in architectural preservation, urban planning, and construction projects. This study presents a comparative assessment of three prominent survey methods: laser scanning, lidar using an iPhone 13 Pro, and total station survey using a GEOMAX ZOOM instrument. The research was conducted on the facade of the 6th academic building of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv. Control points were strategically positioned on the building facade to facilitate accurate measurements.

The study focused on measuring the distances between control points and compared the results from each survey method to the control measurements. Root mean square (RMS) values were calculated to quantify the accuracy of each technique. The obtained RMS values were as follows: laser scanning (Leica ScanStation C10) - 0.0205 meters, lidar (iPhone 13 Pro) - 0.1694 meters, and total station survey (GEOMAX ZOOM) - 0.0135 meters.

Based on the results, the total station and laser scanning methods exhibited superior accuracy. Laser scanning demonstrated efficient data acquisition, producing detailed 3D models. However, it is associated with higher costs. The total station method showcased exceptional accuracy at the expense of longer completion times. Lidar using an iPhone 13 Pro offered swift execution and acceptable accuracy, making it suitable for tasks such as material estimation.

These findings provide valuable insights for professionals and researchers in selecting optimal survey methods based on project requirements. The study contributes to advancing geodetic survey practices, aiding decision-making in architectural preservation, urban planning, and construction endeavors.