Monitoring of heat islands based on the data of the Sentinel 2 MSI satellites: MultiSpectral Instrument, Level-1C and MODIS sensors on the example of the territories of Kyiv and Rome

The urban heat island is an urban area whose air temperature exceeds the temperature of the suburbs by 4 degrees or more. The negative impact of urban heat islands is that they concentrate dangerous to humans and the environment gaseous emissions from industry, energy and transport, which fall with rain in the city, usually at a certain distance from the UHI towards the prevailing wind, which in turn causes the destruction of buildings, damage to vegetation, death of aquatic biota, etc. Due to the high level of gas pollution in the city air, the intake of solar radiation decreases, which leads to an increase in the content of pathogenic bacteria in the city air. Due to air pollution by man-made emissions in urbanized areas, the thermal regime is changing, the concentration of harmful substances in the air is increasing, and the concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapor has now reached 90% of the total amount of pollutants. As a result, there is another problem that contributes to global warming – the "greenhouse effect". Elevated values of air temperature affect human health, lead to breathing problems, convulsions, heat and sunstroke, heat stress and increased mortality. Given the potential danger that urban heat islands pose to the lives of residents, it is important to calculate, develop and implement a number of precautions.

The purpose of this work is to consider, analyse and solve the issue of urban heat islands. Study of areas of interest using processing and analysis of data from Sentinel 2 satellites and MODIS sensors on the deterioration of the situation with changes in surface temperatures in them over time, analysis of the impact of green spaces of megacities on UHI, finding factors that affect surface temperature.

The objects of research in this paper are surface temperatures and green spaces of such megacities as Kyiv and Rome. The subject of the study is monitoring of urban heat islands, their impact on residents and finding effective preventive solutions.